Hmong vs Tongan Community Comparison

The statistical analysis conducted on geographies consisting of 17,971,604 people shows a weak positive correlation between the proportion of Tongans within Hmong communities in the United States with a correlation coefficient (R) of 0.215. On average, for every 1% (one percent) increase in Hmong within a typical geography, there is an increase of 0.026% in Tongans. To illustrate, in a geography comprising of 100,000 individuals, a rise of 1,000 Hmong corresponds to an increase of 25.6 Tongans.

When considering income, the most significant differences between Hmong and Tongan communities in the United States are seen in householder income ages 45 - 64 years ($88,115 compared to $108,643, a difference of 23.3%), median household income ($75,839 compared to $93,076, a difference of 22.7%), and householder income over 65 years ($56,339 compared to $68,235, a difference of 21.1%). Conversely, both communities are more comparable in terms of wage/income gap (27.7% compared to 27.5%, a difference of 0.83%), median female earnings ($35,498 compared to $38,288, a difference of 7.9%), and median earnings ($42,111 compared to $45,665, a difference of 8.4%).

When considering poverty, the most significant differences between Hmong and Tongan communities in the United States are seen in single male poverty (14.2% compared to 10.5%, a difference of 35.8%), child poverty under the age of 5 (18.5% compared to 14.2%, a difference of 31.0%), and single father poverty (15.9% compared to 12.2%, a difference of 30.0%). Conversely, both communities are more comparable in terms of married-couple family poverty (5.0% compared to 4.7%, a difference of 5.0%), seniors poverty over the age of 65 (10.4% compared to 9.3%, a difference of 11.7%), and receiving food stamps (10.9% compared to 9.7%, a difference of 12.6%).

When considering unemployment, the most significant differences between Hmong and Tongan communities in the United States are seen in unemployment among ages 55 to 59 years (5.7% compared to 4.3%, a difference of 33.0%), unemployment among seniors over 75 years (13.7% compared to 10.4%, a difference of 32.3%), and unemployment among women with children ages 6 to 17 years (8.7% compared to 6.7%, a difference of 29.5%). Conversely, both communities are more comparable in terms of unemployment among ages 20 to 24 years (9.4% compared to 9.4%, a difference of 0.28%), unemployment among youth under 25 years (10.8% compared to 10.9%, a difference of 0.99%), and unemployment among ages 16 to 19 years (16.3% compared to 15.9%, a difference of 2.4%).

When considering labor participation, the most significant differences between Hmong and Tongan communities in the United States are seen in in labor force | age 16-19 (38.7% compared to 41.2%, a difference of 6.4%), in labor force | age > 16 (64.1% compared to 67.5%, a difference of 5.4%), and in labor force | age 20-64 (77.9% compared to 80.3%, a difference of 3.0%). Conversely, both communities are more comparable in terms of in labor force | age 25-29 (83.7% compared to 84.7%, a difference of 1.1%), in labor force | age 30-34 (82.4% compared to 83.5%, a difference of 1.3%), and in labor force | age 35-44 (82.6% compared to 83.6%, a difference of 1.3%).

When considering family structure, the most significant differences between Hmong and Tongan communities in the United States are seen in divorced or separated (12.3% compared to 11.1%, a difference of 11.1%), married-couple households (47.0% compared to 51.6%, a difference of 9.8%), and family households with children (28.6% compared to 31.2%, a difference of 9.2%). Conversely, both communities are more comparable in terms of births to unmarried women (27.7% compared to 28.4%, a difference of 2.3%), currently married (47.1% compared to 48.3%, a difference of 2.7%), and single father households (2.4% compared to 2.5%, a difference of 6.4%).

When considering vehicle availability, the most significant differences between Hmong and Tongan communities in the United States are seen in no vehicles in household (10.4% compared to 7.2%, a difference of 44.6%), 4 or more vehicles in household (7.0% compared to 10.0%, a difference of 43.9%), and 3 or more vehicles in household (21.0% compared to 26.5%, a difference of 26.5%). Conversely, both communities are more comparable in terms of 1 or more vehicles in household (89.6% compared to 92.9%, a difference of 3.6%), 2 or more vehicles in household (57.8% compared to 63.5%, a difference of 9.9%), and 3 or more vehicles in household (21.0% compared to 26.5%, a difference of 26.5%).

When considering education level, the most significant differences between Hmong and Tongan communities in the United States are seen in no schooling completed (1.9% compared to 2.3%, a difference of 16.8%), doctorate degree (1.6% compared to 1.7%, a difference of 9.7%), and master's degree (13.4% compared to 12.5%, a difference of 7.3%). Conversely, both communities are more comparable in terms of ged/equivalency (84.9% compared to 85.2%, a difference of 0.28%), nursery school (98.1% compared to 97.8%, a difference of 0.32%), and kindergarten (98.1% compared to 97.7%, a difference of 0.33%).

When considering disability, the most significant differences between Hmong and Tongan communities in the United States are seen in disability age 5 to 17 (6.3% compared to 5.0%, a difference of 25.7%), disability age 18 to 34 (8.1% compared to 6.4%, a difference of 25.3%), and disability age 35 to 64 (13.1% compared to 10.5%, a difference of 25.1%). Conversely, both communities are more comparable in terms of disability age over 75 (48.2% compared to 48.3%, a difference of 0.28%), cognitive disability (18.4% compared to 17.8%, a difference of 3.9%), and disability age 65 to 74 (25.7% compared to 23.8%, a difference of 7.9%).