Tongan vs Hmong Community Comparison

The statistical analysis conducted on geographies consisting of 17,971,604 people shows a mild negative correlation between the proportion of Hmong within Tongan communities in the United States with a correlation coefficient (R) of -0.352. On average, for every 1% (one percent) increase in Tongans within a typical geography, there is a decrease of 0.022% in Hmong. To illustrate, in a geography comprising of 100,000 individuals, a rise of 1,000 Tongans corresponds to a decrease of 21.9 Hmong.

When considering income, the most significant differences between Tongan and Hmong communities in the United States are seen in householder income ages 45 - 64 years ($108,643 compared to $88,115, a difference of 23.3%), median household income ($93,076 compared to $75,839, a difference of 22.7%), and householder income over 65 years ($68,235 compared to $56,339, a difference of 21.1%). Conversely, both communities are more comparable in terms of wage/income gap (27.5% compared to 27.7%, a difference of 0.83%), median female earnings ($38,288 compared to $35,498, a difference of 7.9%), and median earnings ($45,665 compared to $42,111, a difference of 8.4%).

When considering poverty, the most significant differences between Tongan and Hmong communities in the United States are seen in single male poverty (10.5% compared to 14.2%, a difference of 35.8%), child poverty under the age of 5 (14.2% compared to 18.5%, a difference of 31.0%), and single father poverty (12.2% compared to 15.9%, a difference of 30.0%). Conversely, both communities are more comparable in terms of married-couple family poverty (4.7% compared to 5.0%, a difference of 5.0%), seniors poverty over the age of 65 (9.3% compared to 10.4%, a difference of 11.7%), and receiving food stamps (9.7% compared to 10.9%, a difference of 12.6%).

When considering unemployment, the most significant differences between Tongan and Hmong communities in the United States are seen in unemployment among ages 55 to 59 years (4.3% compared to 5.7%, a difference of 33.0%), unemployment among seniors over 75 years (10.4% compared to 13.7%, a difference of 32.3%), and unemployment among women with children ages 6 to 17 years (6.7% compared to 8.7%, a difference of 29.5%). Conversely, both communities are more comparable in terms of unemployment among ages 20 to 24 years (9.4% compared to 9.4%, a difference of 0.28%), unemployment among youth under 25 years (10.9% compared to 10.8%, a difference of 0.99%), and unemployment among ages 16 to 19 years (15.9% compared to 16.3%, a difference of 2.4%).

When considering labor participation, the most significant differences between Tongan and Hmong communities in the United States are seen in in labor force | age 16-19 (41.2% compared to 38.7%, a difference of 6.4%), in labor force | age > 16 (67.5% compared to 64.1%, a difference of 5.4%), and in labor force | age 20-64 (80.3% compared to 77.9%, a difference of 3.0%). Conversely, both communities are more comparable in terms of in labor force | age 25-29 (84.7% compared to 83.7%, a difference of 1.1%), in labor force | age 30-34 (83.5% compared to 82.4%, a difference of 1.3%), and in labor force | age 35-44 (83.6% compared to 82.6%, a difference of 1.3%).

When considering family structure, the most significant differences between Tongan and Hmong communities in the United States are seen in divorced or separated (11.1% compared to 12.3%, a difference of 11.1%), married-couple households (51.6% compared to 47.0%, a difference of 9.8%), and family households with children (31.2% compared to 28.6%, a difference of 9.2%). Conversely, both communities are more comparable in terms of births to unmarried women (28.4% compared to 27.7%, a difference of 2.3%), currently married (48.3% compared to 47.1%, a difference of 2.7%), and single father households (2.5% compared to 2.4%, a difference of 6.4%).

When considering vehicle availability, the most significant differences between Tongan and Hmong communities in the United States are seen in no vehicles in household (7.2% compared to 10.4%, a difference of 44.6%), 4 or more vehicles in household (10.0% compared to 7.0%, a difference of 43.9%), and 3 or more vehicles in household (26.5% compared to 21.0%, a difference of 26.5%). Conversely, both communities are more comparable in terms of 1 or more vehicles in household (92.9% compared to 89.6%, a difference of 3.6%), 2 or more vehicles in household (63.5% compared to 57.8%, a difference of 9.9%), and 3 or more vehicles in household (26.5% compared to 21.0%, a difference of 26.5%).

When considering education level, the most significant differences between Tongan and Hmong communities in the United States are seen in no schooling completed (2.3% compared to 1.9%, a difference of 16.8%), doctorate degree (1.7% compared to 1.6%, a difference of 9.7%), and master's degree (12.5% compared to 13.4%, a difference of 7.3%). Conversely, both communities are more comparable in terms of ged/equivalency (85.2% compared to 84.9%, a difference of 0.28%), nursery school (97.8% compared to 98.1%, a difference of 0.32%), and kindergarten (97.7% compared to 98.1%, a difference of 0.33%).

When considering disability, the most significant differences between Tongan and Hmong communities in the United States are seen in disability age 5 to 17 (5.0% compared to 6.3%, a difference of 25.7%), disability age 18 to 34 (6.4% compared to 8.1%, a difference of 25.3%), and disability age 35 to 64 (10.5% compared to 13.1%, a difference of 25.1%). Conversely, both communities are more comparable in terms of disability age over 75 (48.3% compared to 48.2%, a difference of 0.28%), cognitive disability (17.8% compared to 18.4%, a difference of 3.9%), and disability age 65 to 74 (23.8% compared to 25.7%, a difference of 7.9%).